Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Symptoms and Causes

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that affects a significant portion of the population. In the Netherlands alone, an estimated 1% of the population—around 200,000 people—has ASD. However, the number of people impacted by Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is much higher, as it also affects parents, siblings, relatives, and partners.

ASD is characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, flexibility in thinking and behavior, and sensory processing. People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have fixed routines, intense interests in specific subjects, and repetitive behaviors. While ASD is a lifelong condition with no cure, individuals can learn effective coping strategies to navigate daily life.

Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder

The exact cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder remains unknown. Research suggests that a combination of genetic and environmental factors plays a role in its development. Studies have shown that individuals with ASD have structural and functional differences in their brain development compared to neurotypical individuals.

Additionally, research indicates that environmental factors—such as exposure to toxins, premature birth, or infections during pregnancy—may increase the risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

ASD in Children: Signs, Experiences, and Coping Strategies

Autism Spectrum Disorder in children can impact communication, emotional regulation, and social interaction. Although ASD is not always visible, children often display distinct behavioral patterns. Many struggle with changes in routine, which can cause anxiety or frustration. They may develop intense interests in specific topics, such as dinosaurs or technology. Additionally, some children with ASD experience sensory sensitivities, making them more sensitive to loud noises, bright lights, or certain textures.

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Common Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children

To better understand Autism Spectrum Disorder, here are some of the most common symptoms in children:

  • Difficulty adapting to changes
  • Avoiding eye contact or struggling with social interactions
  • Difficulty understanding social expectations
  • Intense focus on a specific topic or hobby
  • Anxiety in unfamiliar situations or with new people
  • Difficulty recognizing and understanding emotions
  • Strong need for routines and repetitive behaviors
  • Struggles with non-verbal communication, such as gestures or facial expressions

How Do Children Experience Autism?

Autism is often described as a different way of thinking. It affects a child’s ability to understand social cues, anticipate outcomes, and communicate effectively. Additionally, children with ASD may process sensory input differently, making them either hypersensitive or less responsive to stimuli.

For many children with ASD, school can be overwhelming. The sensory challenges of a classroom environment and the social demands of group activities can be difficult to navigate. When overwhelmed, a child may become frustrated or withdraw completely.

Coping Strategies for Children with ASD

Fortunately, there are many effective strategies to help children with ASD thrive. Here are some techniques that parents and caregivers can use:

✅ Maintain routines – Children with ASD feel safer with predictable schedules. A structured routine reduces stress and helps them navigate daily life.
✅ Use visual aids – Many children with ASD are visual learners. Using pictures or diagrams can make expectations clearer.
✅ Be patient – Processing information can take longer for children with ASD. Give them time to respond and communicate at their own pace.
✅ Practice social skills – Role-playing and structured interactions help children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) develop social skills in a stress-free environment.
✅ Seek professional support – Therapy and professional guidance can provide effective tools to help children with ASD navigate their world.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Girls

While Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is more commonly diagnosed in boys, a significant number of girls are also affected. Studies suggest that about 25% of individuals with ASD and average intelligence are female (Spek, 2018). Some researchers believe the percentage may be even higher, especially among girls with high intelligence (Loomes et al., 2017). Prominent figures such as Temple Grandin, Bianca Toeps, and Greta Thunberg are examples of women with ASD.

Girls with ASD often develop coping mechanisms to mask their symptoms, making diagnosis more challenging. However, key behavioral patterns can indicate Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in girls:

  1. Social Interaction Challenges
    • Difficulty making eye contact
    • Struggles with understanding emotional cues
    • Preference for solitary activities
  2. Communication Difficulties
    • Trouble initiating or maintaining conversations
    • Unusual speech patterns or intonation
    • Difficulty understanding jokes, figurative language, or sarcasm
  3. Restricted Interests and Routines
    • Intense focus on specific subjects
    • Strong need for routines, distress when disrupted
  4. Sensory Sensitivities
    • Overreaction to loud noises, bright lights, or textures
    • Sensory overload leading to withdrawal or anxiety

Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex process that requires professional evaluation. There is no single medical test for ASD; instead, diagnosis is based on behavioral observations and developmental history. One key tool is the ADOS-2 assessment, which requires specialized training. At Psylicht, we have the expertise to conduct thorough autism assessments.

A diagnosis is based on criteria outlined in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), which is the standard classification system used by mental health professionals.

What Does Psylicht Offer?

At Psylicht, we specialize in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) assessments for children and young people. We also provide treatment and support for parents.

✅ Comprehensive autism assessments
✅ Therapy tailored to individual needs
✅ Guidance for parents and caregivers
✅ No waiting list – start within one week

To get a quick impression of whether your child may have Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), take our autism self-test or register for an autism assessment today.

📩 Contact us today and take the first step in understanding your child’s unique needs!

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